Herpes labialis, or cold sores, is a viral infection caused by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), which is the type most commonly associated with cold sores, or herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), which is usually associated with genital herpes. Herpes labialis presents with painful blisters of the lips and facial area near the mouth. It is highly contagious.
Most people are infected with herpes labialis in childhood, after which it lies dormant in the nervous system, usually in major nerves of the upper body. Stress can cause the virus to reactivate, leading to an outbreak of the blisters. Herpes labialis outbreaks that result from a reactivated infection are known as recurrent infections. Because the blisters often occur during or just after an illness, such as a cold or flu, they are colloquially known as “cold sores” or “fever blisters.” The condition is also sometimes called orofacial herpes or oral herpes.
Although herpes labialis is contagious, painful and unsightly, it is a very minor infection in most people. However, there can be serious health consequences if newborn babies or people who are immuno suppressed are affected.
Because cold sores are recurrent, they typically arise after encountering triggers such as sunburn or illness, and it is possible to predict when they are likely to occur and therefore to be vigilant about symptoms. Redness and tingling at a particular site around the mouth and lips often the first sign that herpes labialis is occurring. Shortly thereafter, fluid-filled blisters appear. If you are concerned that you or someone you know may have cold sores, the Ada app can help you check your symptoms. Find out more about how the app works.
Home remedies
There are a number of home remedies for cold sores, but these are mostly effective in reducing discomfort rather than the duration of the infection. Applying Vaseline or aloe vera to the blisters may reduce pain and will cause no harm. Some herbal remedies that may help with relieving the discomfort and/or promoting healing when applied topically are:
Lemon balm, also known as melissa. Ointments, such as Lomaherpan or LomaProtect contain lemon balm. Alternatively, lemon balm essential oil can be applied directly.
Tea tree essential oil, applied to the affected area.
Do not take essential oils internally. If you have sensitive skin, be sure to dilute them in a carrier oil.
Ice can reduce swelling and relieve pain. People with cold sores may also wish to: Avoid acidic or salty foods, as they will cause pain to the blister, avoid touching their mouth or lips
Avoid opening the mouth widely, in a way that stretches the lips
Avoid shaving the affected area, eat soft, bland foods
Because herpes labialis spreads easily, they may also wish to:
Avoid oral sex, avoid kissing anyone, avoid coming into close contact with small children, toddlers, babies and especially newborns, avoid sharing anything that comes into contact with the mouth.
